Is the Importance of Being Earnest a Satirical Play? Essay

With the meaning of a parody being, ‘the utilization of silliness, incongruity, misrepresentation, or derision to uncover and censure people’s stupidity’, it is ridiculous to try and suggest that The Importance of Being Earnest is something besides an ironical play, as the characters savoring the privileged of the Victorian time frame unwittingly mock their own propensities obtained to them because of the extravagance they are spoilt with. Notwithstanding this, it is obvious that the utilization of parody is careless and comes up short on an ethical perspective, interestingly with the ethical point communicated through parody in other Victorian plays, for example, Mrs Warren’s Profession, which ‘exposes the defilement and affectation of the ‘‘genteel’’ class’. Thus, we recognize that the play is a ‘invention of a really genuine work of technicality has neither predecessors nor descendants’ and was extraord inary to its type at that timeframe, yet the unimportance of the plot results in ‘the crowd openly and truly chuckles without very being certain what it is giggling at’ †consequently The Importance of Being Earnest is undeniably ironical, yet a parody that has lost its sting. Woman Bracknell’s perspective on marriage is communicated through her record of visiting Lady Harbury, ‘I hadn’t been there since her poor husband’s demise. I never observed a lady so adjusted; she looks very twenty years younger’; she infers marriage is a weight and that life is just recaptured once opportunity from marriage is grasped. Such conclusions are vigorously sarcastic and unexpected as Lady Bracknell is herself hitched, thus by lauding the single man she taunts herself. It is clear from this that Wilde is criticizing the embodiments of the high society and their ludicrous mentalities to marriage, anyway the ‘ridiculousness of depicted by Wilde in the play, particularly when the organized marriage thought is summarized by Lady Bracknell, ‘An commitment should come on a little youngster as an amazement, charming or upsetting as the case may be’’ delineates how shortage the parody is of an ethical perspective, as Lady Bracknell keeps on fighting that Gwendolen will continue with an orchestrated marriage in spite of the remorselessness of her expectations. ‘The ladies are depicted as protected, uneducated, and some as ruling figures over the men in their lives’ Jamie Crawford’s translation of the job of ladies in The Importance of Being Earnest implies that the conduct of the female characters is exceedingly antipodal to what exactly would be normal in the Victorian time, ‘A wife’s obligations to watch out for her better half were viewed as vital foundations of social strength by the Victorians’. There is solidarity to this contention as passed on by Cecily’s language while tending to Algernon, ‘‘Oh don’t hack Earnest. At the point when one is directing one ought to talk easily and not hack. In addition, I don’t realize how to spell a cough†. The juxtaposition of Cecily teaching Algernon so as to seem oppressive â€Å"Oh don’t hack Earnest† and her resistance to getting training â€Å"I don’t realize how to spell a cough† expounds the strange idea of the female characters Wilde has fused. Immediately, Wilde’s depiction of the connections among people in The Importance of Being Earnest is significantly mocking of the ordinary, as by switching the jobs of power it criticizes the force men generally maintain over ladies. Despite what might be expected, Robert J. Jordan infers Wilde’s utilization of parody while showing social contrasts among people has ‘lost it’s sting’ as the inquiry proposes, by reason of ‘even if this satiric gadget is basic in the play it can scarcely be a parody of extraordinary force, as the perspectives to ladies were modernizing essentially at the period the play was written’. Therefore we watch Wilde’s bombing in introducing a sarcastic perspective on women’s job in Victorian culture †he was basically portraying the progressions he saw around him, in this way supporting Eduoard Roditi’s translation and addressing whether The Importance of Being Earnest has a place with an alternate sort of parody. Past to Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest, Victorian comedies comprised for the most part of high and low parody and of ‘dirty or indecent jokes, messy signals, and sex’. Thus, it is conceivable to propose that conflicting to Edouard Roditi’s understanding, the Importance of Being Earnest conveys an ethical perspective in the reality it doesn't misuse sex or sexual inclinations to effectuate joviality; Wilde incites giggling through mixed up characters and the outcomes of ‘bunburying’ maybe to imply that his suppositions it that sexuality is certainly not a chuckling matter. Giving this understanding is valid, it is adequate to expect that the thinking behind the negative reactions the dramatization got when initially composed were because of the reality pundits felt horrified that a bit of composing could demonstrate effective without it comprising of any sexual nature and subsequently considered The Importance of Being Earnest as, ‘dull in contrast with different plays read over the years’. Howbeit, a few pundits express that ‘the word â€Å"earnest† turned into a code-word for gay, as in: â€Å"Is he earnest?†, similarly that â€Å"Is he so?† and â€Å"Is he musical?† were likewise employed’, proposing that The Importance of Being Earnest is a declaration of Wilde’s scorn for marriage and his partiality to homosexuality as he applauds being Earnest’. This without a doubt repudiates the possibility that the dramatization is one of a kind from different plays of it’s time in the reality it needs sexual substance, and demonstrates that while The Importance of Being Earnest may convey the ‘tone of satire’ as Roditi’s contention proposes, it indisputably is a type of Blue Comedy, as the ethical tone generally connected with ironical parody is absent, Wilde is compelling his sentiments on the peruser without an adequate good behind his convictions. The reality the Importance of Being Earnest co mprises of 3 acts suggests a critical start, center and closure where past fights have been settled and each character is content. On the off chance that we are to consider the dramatization as adjusting to a ‘traditional’ Victorian play which ‘tended to be of an improving nature with a focal good exercise at heart’, what is clearly untraditional of The Importance of Being Earnest is the remunerating of characters that have submitted wrong doings â€supporting Edouard Roditi’s translation that the show ‘lacks an ethical purpose of view’. In the event that we analogize The Importance of Being Earnest with An Ideal Husband, we note the centrality of the last demonstration of An Ideal Husband in conveying the ethical that that the standards of Mabel and Goring’s relationship request that they resist society and rebel against what is generally expected of a marriage so as to accomplish bliss, a last demonstration which The Importanc e of Being Earnest needs. As needs be, it was maybe Wilde’s aim to guarantee that The Importance of Being Earnest was one of a kind by declining to fuse profound quality so as to recommend that ‘true goodness is either dead, or is restricted to the lower classes’, as upheld by Algernon’s ironical remark, â€Å"They appear, as a class, to have positively no feeling of good responsibility†. The connection among Algernon and his hireling Lane is a further case of Wilde disassembling accepted practices by scorning powerful characters in their own houses. Path unconsciously copies Algernon when they are talking about marriage, as in spite of Algernon’s apparent refusal to examine the issue Lane keeps on resuscitating the discussion, â€Å"Is marriage so demoralizing?†¦I have just been hitched once†¦ I don’t realize that I’m inspired by your family life.. No, Sir. It's anything but a fascinating subject†, a clever parody of the customary relationship of hireling and ace. All things considered that parody all through The Importance of Being Earnest has adequately ‘lost it’s sting’ is as yet common in the persiflage of Algernon and Lane, as Algernon is a character that seriously needs profundity; he is consistently referenced as eating in the show, â€Å"Eating as normal I see, Algy!† which derives that he longs for something to fill a fanciful void, perhaps the absence of lasting organization in his life as bolstered by Adam Ruhland’s translation, ‘Algernon’s availability to lie about his food utilization uncovers that he is very much aware that he eats different people’s food when he feels cornered, focused, or sad’. The reality Algernon is ‘well aware’ of his dependence on food to give comfort depicts his oblivious disposition towards affection and marriage. It is Lane’s eagerness to furnish Algernon with food that achieves the absence of an ethical perspective to their sarcastic relationship and supports Edouard Roditi’s translation, as he is keen and watches Algernon’s desolate conduct yet will not energize an adjustment in him. ‘The Importance of Being Earnest is over each of the an activity in mind. There is not something to be gained from it, no good, no message’ characterizes Wilde’s play consummately; it is a silly exterior that endeavors to give an ironical perspective on Victorian culture, yet because of the eagerness of characters to comply with the limitations went with having a place with the high society, bombs pitiably. Characters, for example, Miss Prism and Chasuble recommend the presence of another life underneath V

3D-Printing as a Revolutionary Step in Manufacturing

The mankind's history has seen a lot of progressive revelation and innovation which have changed the human life. Such revelations have changed the human life perpetually, one of such innovation is the ‘Internet,' and even the creator wouldn't have envisioned the ramifications of the innovation. In right now, 3D printing is picking up the footing and this rising innovation is set to disturb the status quo produced presently (Birtchnell and Urry 2016). The innovation is set to profoundly affect legislative issues, financial aspects, security and condition. This exposition is intended to comprehend the effect of 3D imprinting on the life of ordinary individual and will help in understanding the different ramifications of the innovation. For the simplicity of understanding the underlying segment clarifies the innovation, trailed by its effects lastly the end. The 3D printing innovation has been named as troublesome innovation by Petrick and Simpson (2013 .pp:12). It has been relevantly expressed by the creators that the modern transformation has made a disturbance in the general public through the presentation of machines which didn't just diminish the hour of assembling but at the same time were equipped for delivering materials at a lot quicker rate. Likewise, the 3D printing innovation will evacuate the conditions on the gracefully chain and will move the ability to the architect and the shopper expelling all the arbiters. On a comparative note, Campbell et al. (2011) have given a similar pattern the appearance of the 3D printing innovation which will influence different parts of the existence running from financial matters, legislative issues, condition, and security. Despite the fact that Berman (2012) have consented to the way that the innovation is the following modern transformation yet have introduced the innovation on a positive note, which focuses generally on the upsides of the innovation. The troublesome idea of the innovation is on the grounds that it absolutely changes the elements of the general public and has a profound effect on the residents. Rayna and Striukova (2014) have expressed in their work that great arranging is obligatory for any execution and have introduced the effect of the innovation on the plan of action development, accordingly helping in the making of the structure dependent on the disturbance that has been made because of the innovation. It has likewise been expressed that the work that will be made for the planning the article and causing are printable will to likewise be huge. Moreover, Garrett (2014) also have stressed the significance of the key making arrangements for the usage of the innovation so its problematic impacts are invalidated with appropriate arranging. Thus it very well may be comprehended that the 3D printing innovation is for sure problematic in nature and if not executed in light of legitimate arranging could demonstrate tr agic to numerous parts of the human life like the economy, strategies, wellbeing, and so forth. In the past segment, the troublesome idea of the innovation have been introduced which influences numerous parts of human life and the most significant of them is joblessness made because of the difference in jobs. As per Rifkin (2012), the two modern unrests have made joblessness and with the third transformation on its way as 3D printing is set to make greater joblessness and disseminated free enterprise which will influence the pace of work on the planet. On a comparative note Peters (2016) have communicated worry about the impact of 3D imprinting on the different economies around the globe. It has been introduced that the mechanization business is consistently gobbling up the occupations of the nation and to add to that 3D printing will absolutely wreck work. A comparable dread has been communicated by Weller Kleer and Piller (2015) who have referenced that â€Å"3D printing is a two-edged blade for the creating countries†. Business is critical for a nation and to counter the impacts of the different innovation strategies have been introduced by a few creators. As per Rifkin (2012), the past mechanical upheavals, from one perspective, has decreased the staffs on the processing plant premise yet has made work in the various regions in this manner making a progressively advanced workforce, comparative things will likewise result because of the appearance of the more current innovation, and for that the humankind ought to be decidedly ready with the important abilities. The need of the all around prepared work force will increment with the innovation and will produce work in an alternate field. The understudy will be profited most with the approach of the innovation as it will assist them with understanding the nuts and bolts of the development without breaking a sweat (Schelly et al. 2015). Notwithstanding, it ought to be borne at the top of the priority list that the execution of the innovation will make devoted employment just for the talented staffs. The simplicity of assembling with the assistance of the 3D printers have made a ton of issues in regards to the security of the network as the innovation can be utilized for the creation of different items which can be utilized against the general public. As indicated by the report that has been distributed in The Guardian (2016), advanced weapon fabricating office has been uncovered during the attacks over the Gold Coast. The primary catch of the news is, the weapons were produced at the office with the assistance of 3D printers. The upsides of such firearms are numerous which incorporate, lightweight, deadly, and are not distinguished by metal detectors.â According to Lindstrom (2014), automatons can likewise be made with the assistance of the printers which can be utilized in cutting edge fighting. Hence it very well may be handily observed that the 3D printing innovation can be successfully utilized against the individuals or the nation for hurting them. Henceforth the utilizat ion of the printers ought to be administered to guarantee the security of the subjects of the nation. The security ought to be given the principal need among all to guarantee the innovation doesn’t make an issue for different residents of the nation. To guarantee the most extreme use of the assets, and maintaining a strategic distance from the abuse, the standards and the guidelines of the land ought to be exceptionally solid and authorizing offices ought to be well prepared to counter any possibility. As indicated by Pierrakakis et al. (2014), the guidelines around the globe ought to be increasingly tough to guarantee data doesn't land up in an inappropriate hands. The issues with the innovation are additionally altogether different as the records containing the data of the assembling is increasingly vital contrasted with the framework in this manner making the demonstration of counteraction progressively troublesome contrasted with the physical items. A comparable dread has been communicated by Little (2013), who have shared that the 3D printing innovation ought not be made open as the security suggestions will clearly make a calamity in the general public as the firearm control law won’t be powerful with its execution. Consequently it is energetically suggested that the innovation ought not be made open as it isn't yet developed and the traditions that must be adhered to ought to be solid and steady for the ramifications of innovation. In this report, a point by point conversation has been introduced to comprehend the 3D printing innovation and its effect on society. For this examination, the different parts of the innovation have been investigated and have been introduced for a superior comprehension of the innovation. In the accompanying segment the disservices of the innovation have been introduced, which are its troublesome nature, joblessness rates, ecological effect, security, and so forth lastly the suggestion has been offered in each segment to contain the innovation for future and all the while make the workforce relying on the innovation to lessen its negative impacts, which won't just permit a solid domain for everything except will likewise help in making of sound innovation considering everybody. Birtchnell, T. and Urry, J., 2016. A New Industrial Future?: 3D Printing and the Reconfiguring of Production, Distribution, and Consumption. Routledge. Petrick, I.J. and Simpson, T.W., 2013. 3D printing upsets fabricating: how economies of one make new standards of competition. Research-Technology Management,â 56(6), pp.12-16. Campbell, T., Williams, C., Ivanova, O. and Garrett, B., 2011. Could 3D printing change the world? Advancements, Potential, and Implications of Additive Manufacturing, Atlantic Council, Washington, DC. Berman, B., 2012. 3-D printing: The new modern revolution. Business Horizons,â 55(2), pp.155-162. Rayna, T. and Striukova, L., 2014. The effect of 3D printing advancements on plan of action development. In Digital Enterprise Design and Managementâ (pp. 119-132). Springer International Publishing. Garrett, B., 2014. 3D printing: new monetary ideal models and vital shifts. Global Policy,â 5(1), pp.70-75. Rifkin, J., 2012. The third modern upset: How the web, green power, and 3-d printing are introducing an economical period of circulated capitalism. World Financial Review,â 1, pp.4052-4057. Diminishes, M.A., 2016. Innovative joblessness: Educating for the fourth modern upheaval. Weller, C., Kleer, R. what's more, Piller, F.T., 2015. Monetary ramifications of 3D printing: showcase structure models considering added substance fabricating revisited. International Journal of Production Economics,â 164, pp.43-56. Schelly, C., Anzalone, G., Wijnen, B. also, Pearce, J.M., 2015. Open-source 3-D printing advances for training: Bringing added substance assembling to the classroom. Journal of Visual Languages and Computing,â 28, pp.226-237. Lindstrom, G., 2014. For what reason Should We Care around 3-D Printing and What Are Potential Security Implications?. Geneva Center for Security Policy, Policy Paper,â 6, p.2014. Pierrakakis, K., Kandias, M., Gritzali, C. also, Gritzalis, D., 2014. 3D Printing and its guideline elements: The world before a change in perspective. In Proc. of the sixth International Conference on Information Law and Ethics. Little, R.K., 2013. Firearms Don't Kill People; 3D Printing Doe

Compare and Contrast the Images of London Essay Example For Students

Look into the Images of London Essay Made Upon Westminster Bridge was a sonnet composed by the popular artist, William Wordsworth in 1802. Artists generally contemplated peaceful pictures since urban communities had not advanced into the significant spot which they have now. Wordsworth understood that more individuals where starting to live in urban areas and that they were turning out to be progressively significant and increasingly critical in people groups lives. Ian McMillan made a 21st Century variant of Wordsworths sonnet, which shows how much places can drastically change over some stretch of time. I will thoroughly analyze the manner by which every writer utilizes their language to pass on their various pictures of over a wide span of time day London. William Wordsworth was brought up in the Lake District, in England. He had an extraordinary gratefulness for nature, which is clear in a significant number of his sonnets. He likewise had solid convictions in polytheism. He was a urgent figure in the English Romantic Movement. He composed the sonnet Composed Upon Westminster Bridge in the early hours of the morning on the third of September 1802. He created it as he traversed Westminster Bridge in a carriage and investigated London city, while the vast majority were all the while staying in bed and when London was at its generally torpid. The message of the sonnet is exceptionally clear, that London is one of the most wonderful scenes around then of the morning. The entire sonnet is consummately conformed to a Petrarchen work. As it is a piece it comprises of just fourteen lines in which Wordsworth needs to compose the sonnet. This implies his language must be explicit and significant to make his message understood before the finish of the sonnet. Wordsworth establishes the pace for the remainder of the sonnet in his initial barely any lines of the octave: Earth has no thing to shew all the more reasonable: Dull would he be of soul who could cruise by A sight so contacting in its greatness; These lines catch the crowd by disclosing to us that London is the most attractive thing on earth, which is an intense proclamation. He recommends that lone dull spirits couldn't perceive its wonder. This accentuates the magnificence of London significantly, as he doesn't infer it is wonderful, yet reveals to us it is the most lovely sight. Wordsworth utilizes a few etymological methods all through the sonnet to make beautiful pictures. This City now doth like a piece of clothing wear The magnificence of the morning; quiet, uncovered, The utilization of embodiment here makes the picture of the city wearing excellence, where magnificence is a piece of clothing. Like a piece of clothing the excellence would be taken off or evacuated during the day, when the city is at its busiest and in this manner least engaging. Wordsworth utilizes a semicolon and commas to make a caesura. This makes a little delay for the peruser to retain the quietness. This gives a superior image of how quiet London is and furthermore adds a moderate cadence to the perusing of the sonnet, which connects to its casual idea. Besides Wordsworth utilizes an enticing style to convey his message. The decision of language, which is utilized, is imperative to how the crowd sees the sonnet. Neer saw I, never felt, a quiet so profound! The utilization of the word never drives us accept that this view is tremendous to the point that it doesn't contrast and anything he has ever observed previously. Moreover Wordsworth utilizes embodiment to make a picture. The stream glideth at his own sweet will: Wordsworth nearly gives the stream its own character by saying that it coasts at its own sweet will. The utilization of the action word coast makes it sound tranquil and quiet. .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9 , .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9 .postImageUrl , .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9 , .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9:hover , .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9:visited , .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9:active { border:0!important; } .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9:active , .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u6 cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u6cce534ddf3e5b1dcdd6dc685febe8e9:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Essay SummaryWordsworth was a solid devotee to polytheism and he was likewise very strict: Dear God! the very houses appear to be sleeping; Wordsworths utilization of God in this line makes it sound as though he is dumbfounded at how delightful it is. He likewise incorporates embodiment with it again, by saying that the houses appear to be sleeping. This improves the picture of remarkable excellence which Wordsworth is attempting to make. Wordsworths sonnet manufactures a reasonable message, which is authorized in numerous semantic strategies and styles. He utilizes a few instances of representation to share his message. He makes a very clear message that London is at its generally wonderful during dawn, and conceivably the most excellent sight ever. Dispatched by the Globe Theater in the year 2002, Ian McMillan composed the sonnet titled Wordsworths Return To Westminster Bridge. It strikes me quickly how totally different the two sonnets are. This is without a doubt in light of the impact 200 years has had on London. Over the course of about two centuries a modern upset has happened making the city of London bigger, with more individuals and more structures. Actually, land which used to be fields is currently secured with structures and streets, rather than Wordsworths time. The message of McMillans sonnet is that London is a horrendous messy spot and that he is hesitant to live there. As McMillan is working off Wordsworths sonnet, it appears that he is contending and attempting to demonstrate a point to Wordsworth, that his picture of London isn't right. McMillans sonnet is organized around a Shakespearean work. The rhyme plot, which he has accomplished, isn't actually a Shakespearean piece, however fundamentally the same as one. These days this isn't strange for a sonnet not to follow the rhyme plot decisively. Most writers ad lib on it, which gives it creativity. The way that the sonnet needs accentuation is additionally an increasingly customary event in present day verse. This style needs request and mirrors the message that is being depicted. The initial two lines of McMillans sonnet show us promptly what he is doing with the tone of the sonnet: Earth has no thing to show all the more reasonable (All things considered, to be completely forthright, really it does) McMillan starts with nearly a similar line as Wordsworth to make it evident that he is checking on Wordsworths sonnet. McMillan starts his analysis of London continuously line by expressing that he can't help contradicting what he has said. The sections used to accentuate this line give it an individual touch, as though McMillan has quite recently perused the starting line and has included his own feeling. This would catch the crowd, since he is imparting his insight, which makes it all the more intriguing. It likewise very casual to utilize sections, which expands upon the tone of confusion inside the style of the sonnet. By and by McMillan gives us a knowledge on how extraordinary London has become since Wordsworths time: I cannot hear myself think over the buzz The utilization of buzz is a genuine case of likeness in sound and makes a thought for the peruser of what it is really similar to. This gives us an unmistakable message. McMillan recommends that he can't focus as a result of the extraordinary clamor, while Wordsworth progressively based upon the picture of peacefulness. McMillan additionally utilizes semantic methods to make a picture with his words. Who move over the extension as delayed as slime Who point and gawp and spit and swear and walk The utilization of a metaphor as delayed as muck gives an excellent picture of what's going on. It likewise sets a temperament. The word slop is as I would see it antagonistic and inauspicious, in this way giving troubling picture to the individuals. The utilization of and over and over makes a rundown. All the things, which are in this rundown are negative action words. It accentuates the measured rhyming and gives it a moderate beat. This causes it to appear as though there are loads of negative focuses as a result of the manner in which it is so hauled out. This significantly upgrades the picture made. .ud8fc1d138ed6fbe555878e8902ee77f0 , .ud8fc1d138ed6fbe555878e8902ee77f0 .postImageUrl , .ud8fc1d138ed6fbe555878e8902ee77f0 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ud8fc1d138ed6fbe555878e8902ee77f0 , .ud8fc1d138ed6fbe555878e8902ee77f0:hover , .ud8fc1d138ed6fbe555878e8902ee77f0:visited , .ud8fc1d138e

Make Your Essay More Interesting With the Right Word

Make Your Essay More Interesting With the Right WordAn essay that presents a good example of how to introduce yourself can lead to a higher grade on your test and maybe even a job. All you need to do is know the right way to use this opportunity to your advantage.To be accurate, there are three types of people who will give you a correct word in an essay. The first is the one who has taken several courses in English composition. This person knows exactly what a correct introduction should consist of. They know what they mean when they say 'introduce yourself'.The second is someone who has a copy of the 'A Sentence Guide' on their desk. They have looked through it hundreds of times and if they get a letter addressed to them they have read it. When they look at an assignment, they read it thoroughly before they complete it.Finally, there is the person who uses a dictionary. If a student had a challenge with a specific spelling or punctuation error on a test and was unable to come up wi th a 'correct word', they would turn to the dictionary. Even though they may know the word, they don't know the spelling and if they hear that the word is not used in that way, they may use the dictionary to help them get it right.Students who take an English composition course can learn how to introduce themselves correctly. Once they have understood the difference between spelling, grammar and punctuation, they can be given the words to introduce themselves by either asking for it or by finding it in the dictionary. They can then use it and find it to be appropriate.Every writer needs the correct way to introduce himself. Writing a paper is like painting a picture. It requires you to put your fingers in the right places and paint with strokes. The same is true when writing essays.There is no reason why you cannot complete it in a shorter time. The right word will make all the difference in the world. Make sure you know how to use it correctly to get the best grades.

Rfp Proposal - 4021 Words

Sample Request for Proposal The following sample Request for Proposal (RFP) was provided by NPower Seattle. Please note that the project described here is for example only and should not be reused verbatim. For more information on how to build an effect RFP, please see TechSoups RFP Library at: http://www.techsoup.org/emcf/rfp Copyright 2003 NPower Seattle. All rights reserved. Agency XYZ REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL WEB SITE DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT HOSTING MAY 2, 2003 Table of Contents 1. Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 2 2. Proposal Guidelines and Requirements†¦show more content†¦If the execution of work to be performed by your company requires the hiring of sub-contractors you must clearly state this in your proposal. Sub-contractors must be identified and the work they will perform must be defined. In your proposal please provide the name, address, and EIN of the sub-contractor. The AGENCY XYZ of Rock Hopper County will not refuse a proposal based upon the use of sub-contractors; however we retain the right to refuse the sub-contractors you have selected. Provisions of this RFP and the contents of the successful responses are considered available for inclusion in final contractual obligations. 3. CONTRACT TERMS The AGENCY XYZ of Rock Hopper County will negotiate contract terms upon selection. All contracts are subject to review by AGENCY XYZ legal counsel, and a project will be awarded upon signing of an agreement or contract, which outlines terms, scope, budget and other necessary items. Agency XYZ of Rock Hopper County Web Development Request for Proposal 2 4. PURPOSE, DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES Purpose The AGENCY XYZ currently has a web presence that is somewhat outdated in appearance, structure and in the presentation of content. An opportunity exists to re-engineer the site to better reflect the mission of the AGENCY XYZ and incorporate the latest web technology. Upon completion of the development of the site, the AGENCY XYZ willShow MoreRelatedRequest For Proposal Rfp ( Rfp )1738 Words   |  7 Pages REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) PROJECT NAME COMPANY NAME STREET ADDRESS CITY, STATE ZIP CODE DATE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND 2 2. PROPOSAL GUIDELINES 2 3. PROJECT PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION 3 4. PROJECT SCOPE 4 5. REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL AND PROJECT TIMELINE 5 6. BUDGET 5 7. BIDDER QUALIFICATIONS 6 8. PROPOSAL EVALUATION CRITERIA 6 1. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND Center for Advance Research in Engineering (Care) is currently accepting proposals to Reverse Engineer the availableRead MoreRequest For Proposal Rfp ( Rfp )1271 Words   |  6 PagesREQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) WIRELESS COMP COMPANY REAPER MACHINES 2335 LENOX ST. CHARLOTTE, NC, 28056 8/11/2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND 2 2. PROPOSAL GUIDELINES 2 3. PROJECT PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION 3 4. PROJECT SCOPE 3 5. PROPOSAL AND PROJECT TIMELINE 4 6. BUDGET 5 7. PROPOSAL EVALUATION CRITERIA 6 1. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND Death Comm is currently accepting proposals to develop, design, launch, and host a new Wireless Network within their building. TheRead MoreSec 402 Request for Proposals (Rfp)1191 Words   |  5 Pagesenterprise. The organization has know brand products across the world and expects top-secret methods for safeguarding proprietary information on its recipes and product lines Note to Proponents: Please be sure to review the RFP document in its entirety before submitting proposals. Submission Format 1. Letter of Introduction †¢ Preferably a one page document introducing the proponent and proponent’s submission. †¢ It should include a brief history of your company and how long you have been in businessRead MoreKey Issues and Concerns in the Development of a Proposal Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesKey Issues and Concerns in the Development of a Proposal Key Issues and Concerns in the Development of a Proposal Introduction Status of the Opportunity The first steps taken after reviewing a Request for Proposal involves determining the status of the opportunity. (Johnson-Sheehan, 2008). In short one must determine if an opportunity or problem exists. The Request for Proposal under review indicates that Government officials are soliciting a vocational initiative that will be funded toRead MoreMetro Regional Hospital Rfp For Enterprise Mobility Management System1088 Words   |  5 PagesTERMS AND CONDITIONS Metro Regional Hospital RFP for Enterprise Mobility Management System 1. AGREEMENT A contract or agreement will be released, after award, for any work to be performed as a result of this RFP. The proposal, negotiated terms, and the contract will constitute the complete agreement between Respondent and MRH. If Respondent requires an additional contract, then Respondent should include their sample contract as an attachment to the proposal submitted for review. 2. ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTRead MoreRfp Inventory Control Essay5651 Words   |  23 PagesRequest for Proposal An Inventory Control System Just Seeds Unlimited Co. 4105 Stuart Andrew Blvd Unit #3 Charlotte, NC 28217 704.222.2222 Distribution List (TBD) Linnea L. Williams lwilliams.lwilliams@gmail.com PM598 – May 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS 5 1.1. General Description of Work 5 1.2. What Must Be Included with Bid 5 1.3. Schedule of Bid Period Activities 6 1.4. Location of Work 6 1.5. Pre-Bid Meeting 7 1.6. Owner Contact for QuestionsRead MoreBusiness Practices : Omega Consolidated Industries ( Oci )940 Words   |  4 Pagesskillsets, would help define the project’s requirements, oversee the construction, and monitor the progress to ensure requirements were being addressed. Inclusive to the project team’s duties was the task of developing a request for proposal (RFP) to solicit proposals from a number of qualified contractors to build the manufacturing facility. This paper seeks to address OCI’s approach to implementing a plan to ensure the new manufacturing facility was constructed based on the organization’s requirementsRead MoreConcept Paper or Pre-Proposal1307 Words   |  6 PagesTable 1. Generic Proposal Outline I. Introduction †¢ Statement of the problem †¢ Statement of the solution †¢ Brief statement of how the solution will benefit the reader(s) II. Background †¢ Explanation of key terms †¢ Proof that you know the issues surrounding the problem †¢ Proof that you know what action has been taken to solve similar problems †¢ Proof that you (or someone you are associated with) can carry out the action plan III. Action Plan and Requirements †¢ A set ofRead MoreRequest for Proposal Baseball Practice Field Design and Construction3483 Words   |  14 PagesREQUEST FOR PROPOSAL BASEBALL PRACTICE FIELD DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION HURRICANES’ BASEBALL TEAM logistic@hurricanes.com (832) 403-5698 PM598 – Contract and Procurement Management TABLE OF CONTENTS | 1. INSTRUCTION TO BIDDERS | 4 | | 1.1 General Description of Work | 4 | | 1.2 What Must Included in the Bid | 4 | | 1.3 Schedule of Bid period Activities | 5 | | 1.4 Location of the Work | 6 | | 1.5 Pre-Bid Meeting | 7 | | 1.6 Owner Contact for Question | 7 | | 1Read MoreThe Steps in the Acquisition Process for a Negotiated Best Value Source Selection1344 Words   |  6 Pagesofferor with a combination of factors that represent the best value based on the evaluation criteria. There will be some acquisitions were tradeoffs may not be utilized. In such situations where the Government would not realize any value from a proposal exceeding the minimum technical requirements. The third step is establishing the Source Selection Organization (SSO). SSO’s should be established early in the planning stages. The success of the SSO relies on the skills, expertise, and experience

Polynesian Beauty The Traditions Of The Tattoo Essay

Polynesian Beauty: The Traditions of the Tattoo The Hawaiian culture have done things to their bodies that they consider strong in culture, beliefs and are remarkable to the wearer of the design, just to acquire what beauty is. There are different techniques, meanings, and tools of the Hawaiian style of tattooing. Which would consist of the person’s cultural expressions, their beauty, and their identity. In this specific culture, there are rules saying what men and women can and cannot ink onto their bodies. The Hawaiian culture have standards when it comes to a person’s body. The right side of the body is for the men, which is called KÃ… «, the left side of the body is for the women, which is called Hina. They represent the masculinity and the femininity in ourselves to balance and/or even out our souls. The men wear tattoo designs on half of their face, inner and/or outer lining of the arm or leg, the backs of the hands, and the front of the body. Just like the men, t he women wear tattoo designs on the inner and/or outer leg (specifically the upper thigh area), the wrists, and the back of the hands, the fingers, the arms, the neck, the ankles, and the chest. The priest is the only abled body to actually practice these tattoos, rituals which consist of ceremonies and chants. But present day techniques are usually done by expert The kuÊ »au is a term for mallet, which is used with force to puncture the surface of the skin with the traditional needle and ink. The HawaiianShow MoreRelatedA Form of Expression in Tattooing1275 Words   |  5 Pagesstatus, and culture. The purpose of a tattoo and its meaning varies from each culture and the time at which an individual gets a tattoo also varies within each culture. Some tattoos are perceived as a sign of beauty while others can be perceived as a distinction between statuses. The importance and meaning of the tattoo is relevant to the culture itself. Tattooing is defined as the process of making permanent designs to an individual’s body. The word tattoo is believed to have two etymological originsRead MoreThe First Polynesian At New Zealand Near 800 A.d1181 Words   |  5 PagesKupe is thought to be the first Polynesian to arrive at New Zealand near 800 A.D. Upon arrival the Polynesian Maori people named the land â€Å"Aotearoa† which translates to â€Å"Land of the long white cloud.† He used waka hourua canoes (translates to double canoes), and sailed from an island in the South Pacific Ocean area known as Hawaiki near the Cook islands, Tahiti and Hawaii. The Maori trace their people back to seven tribes through a whakapapa, or genealogy. There were conflicts between tribes, butRead MoreThe Maori Tribe Of New Zealand1556 Words   |  7 Pagesevery other tribe. The Maori indigenous people migrated from the islands of East Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean, this voyage was later known as the â€Å"Great Fleet†. But even before all the Polynesian voyagers arrived it was said that Chief Kupe was the first to find New Zealand. After the settlement of the Polynesian people, they became the Maori. The Maori language gave rise through the settlement years of the Maori in New Zealand. The Maori dialect is unique and is still prevalent in most of the NewRead MoreThe Tribe Of New Zealand1148 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom every other. The Maori people migrated from the islands of East Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean, this voyage was known as the â€Å"Great Fleet†. After their settlement in the island, the Polynesian people became the Maori. As the Maori people settled into New Zealand and started forming their own culture and tradition, and a new language arose. The Maori dialect is unique and is still prevalent in most of the New Zealand schools to ensure the knowledge of the beginning of its people is never lost. TheRead More The Tattoo Process and Significance Of Tattoos Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesSignificance of Tattoos In the past, tattoos were commonly thought of as trashy or bad. One would often relate them to bikers, rock and heavy metal stars, pirates, or gangsters. That has considerably changed over the years. According to Swan, In 2003 approximately 40 million Americans reported to have at least one tattoo. Todays culture is still fascinated with tattooing. In the 1990s, tattoos were the sixth fastest growing retail behind the Internet, paging services, computer and cellRead MoreFormal Meeting Guide For Two Nz Cultures Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagescentury there has been a conscious effort to preserve - or revive - the traditional skills of weaving and fibre arts, painting, latticework, carving, tattoo, chant and oratory, as well as Maori language and customs. The spiritual dimension of Maori art is still strongly felt: the taonga, or art treasures, of the Maori are not only objects of beauty but of great spiritual and ancestral power. The MÄ ori, an ethnic minority living in New Zealand and Pakeha white New Zealanders are working togetherRead MorePsychology of a Tattoo2298 Words   |  10 Pages In this paper, the psychology of Tattoos will be the topic. You will read about the Origin, the process of getting a Tattoo, and the psychological effect on people who get them. You will also read about the people who do not participate in this art and their reaction to those who do. As I did my research I found that getting a Tattoo can be a beautiful experience in your life, while it can also be a label that will mark you forever. They say Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, this speciallyRead MoreQuestions On Organisational Culture And Communication Essay2188 Words   |  9 Pagespoints: 1. Maori people and Treaty of Waitangi – Maori are the native people of New Zealand. There are many theories and stories about their arrival in New Zealand, but mostly it is believe that Maori people arrive in New Zealand from different Polynesian countries during different times in between 1200 to 1300 AD. Maori Name of New Zealand is Aotearoa. During time period of 1800s British people came to New Zealand and conquer it. Things started getting changed after the Treaty of Waitangi. ThisRead MoreBeauty Ideals Around the World3206 Words   |  13 PagesBeauty Ideals around the World When talking about beauty one must keep an open mind. What one finds true beauty someone else might find outrageous, weird or even ugly. There is no such thing as ultimate true beauty because you can not compare beauty. We do not live all following the same standards or principles; we do not have the same ideals. We are different, so is beauty. In Asia for example the standards for beauty differ from country to country, from culture to culture. In the Far East, inRead MoreMy Visit to the American Museum of Natural History Essay3048 Words   |  13 Pagesdescription of each, which I thought was useful and very informative, especially to visitors with no previous knowledge of these cultures. The pictures showed how old and new coexist; western clothing with traditional clothing; Papua New Guinea’s tradition of painting the body black to dress for spirit ceremony. Pictures in the intro to the Hall also showed an Aborigine man in traditional clothing in modern convenient store with another man in background wearing western clothing. Once inside the

Presentation of Self in Everyday Life free essay sample

A discussion on Erving Goffmans interaction theory. This paper discusses the theory of ?self-presentation? offered by the famous sociologist Erving Goffman. This theory concerns the behavior of a person in day-to-day interactions. The author provides examples in order to illustrate how the theory applies to real-life situations. Erving Goffman offers a unique theory of interaction, which has been both highly acclaimed and criticized by other sociologists. While some believe that Goffman has been absolutely accurate in his assumptions that a man usually presents his self in a certain way to others which is often not the real him, there are others who feel that this may offer at some times especially when we met someone new but with our old associates we let go of the fa?ade because they know us well and we do not to pretend in front of them. But the fact remains that a man does often presents himself in a different light when meeting others and often the performance is so convincing that it does not leave any room for doubt or suspicion. We will write a custom essay sample on Presentation of Self in Everyday Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

The phenomenon of bipolar affective disorder has b Essay Example For Students

The phenomenon of bipolar affective disorder has b Essay een a mystery sincethe 16th century. History has shown that this affliction can appear inalmost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed tohave had bipolar disorder. It is clear that in our society many peoplelive with bipolar disorder; however, despite the abundance of peoplesuffering from the it, we are still waiting for definite explanationsfor the causes and cure. The one fact of which we are painfully awareis that bipolar disorder severely undermines its victims ability toobtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because bipolardisorder has such debilitating symptoms, it is imperative that we remainvigilant in the quest for explanations of its causes and treatment. Affective disorders are characterized by a smorgasbord of symptomsthat can be broken into manic and depressive episodes. The depressiveepisodes are characterized by intense feelings of sadness and despairthat can become feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. Some of thesymptoms of a d epressive episode include anhedonia, disturbances insleep and appetite, psycomoter retardation, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, difficulty thinking, indecision, and recurrentthoughts of death and suicide (Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ). The manicepisodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increasedenergy, decreased need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and oftenreckless or irresponsible behavior (Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ). Bipolaraffective disorder affects approximately one percent of the population(approximately three million people) in the United States. It ispresented by both males and females. Bipolar disorder involves episodesof mania and depression. These episodes may alternate with profounddepressions characterized by a pervasive sadness, almost inability tomove, hopelessness, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, inconcentrations and driving. We will write a custom essay on The phenomenon of bipolar affective disorder has b specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if an episode of mania occurs whetherdepression has been diagnosed or not (Goodwin, Guze, 1989, p 11). Mostcommonly, individuals with manic episodes experience a period ofdepression. Symptoms include elated, expansive, or irritable mood,hyperactivity, pressure of speech, flight of ideas, inflated selfesteem, decreased need for sleep, distractibility, and excessiveinvolvement in reckless activities (Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ). Rarestsymptoms were periods of loss of all interest and retardation oragitation (Weisman, 1991). As the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA)has demonstrated, bipolar disorder can create substantial developmentaldelays, marital and family disruptions, occupational setbacks, andfinancial disasters. This devastating disease causes disruptions offamilies, loss of jobs and millions of dollars in cost to society. Manytimes bipolar patients report that the depressions are longer andincrease in frequency as the individual ages. Many times bipolar statesand psychotic states are misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. Speech patternshelp distinguish between the two disorders (Lish, 1994). The onset of Bipolar disorder usually occurs between the ages of 20and 30 years of age, with a second peak in the mid-forties for women. Atypical bipolar patient may experience eight to ten episodes in theirlifetime. However, those who have rapid cycling may experience moreepisodes of mania and depression that succeed each other without aperiod of remission (DSM III-R). The three stages of mania begin with hypomania, in which patientsreport that they are energetic, extroverted and assertive (Hirschfeld,1995). The hypomania state has led observers to feel that bipolarpatients are addicted to their mania. Hypomania progresses into maniaand the transition is marked by loss of judgment (Hirschfeld, 1995). Often, euphoric grandiose characteristics are displayed, and paranoid orirritable characteristics begin to manifest. The third stage of maniais evident when the patient experiences delusions with often paranoidthemes. Speech is generally rapid and hyperactive behavior manifestssometimes associated with violence (Hirschfeld, 1995). When both manic and depressive symptoms occur at the same time itis called a mixed episode. Those afflicted are a special risk becausethere is a combination of hopelessness, agitation, and anxiety thatmakes them feel like they could jump out of their skin(Hirschfeld,1995). Up to 50% of all patients with mania have a mixture of depressedmoods. Patients report feeling dysphoric, depressed, and unhappy; yet,they exhibit the energy associated with mania. Rapid cycling mania isanother presentation of bipolar disorder. Mania may be present withfour or more distinct episodes within a 12 month period. There is nowevidence to suggest that sometimes rapid cycling may be a transientmanifestation of the bipolar disorder. This form of the diseaseexhibits more episodes of mania and depression than bipolar. .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7 , .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7 .postImageUrl , .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7 , .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7:hover , .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7:visited , .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7:active { border:0!important; } .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7:active , .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7 .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaef73d3cbf224d60511e53566e0ebcf7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Petrified Man By Eudora Welty EssayLithium has been the primary treatment of bipolar disorder sinceits introduction in the 1960s. It is main function is to stabilize thecycling characteristic of bipolar disorder. In four controlled studiesby F. K. Goodwin and K. R. Jamison, the overall response rate forbipolar subjects treated with Lithium was 78% (1990). Lithium is alsothe primary drug used for long- term maintenance of bipolar disorder. In a majority of bipolar patients, it lessens the duration, frequency,and severity of the episodes of both mania and depression. Unfortunately, as many as 40% of bipolar patients are eitherunresponsive to lithium or can not tolerate the side effects. Some ofthe side effects include thirst, weight gain, nausea, diarrhea, andedema. Patients who are unresponsive to lithium treatment are oftenthose who experience dysphoric mania, mixed states, or rapid cyclingbipolar disorder. One of the problems associated with lithium is the fact thelong-term lithium treatment has been associated with decreased thyroidfunctioning in patients with bipolar disorder. Preliminary evidencealso suggest that hypothyroidism may actually lead to rapid-cycling(Bauer et al., 1990). Another problem associated with the use oflithium is experienced by pregnant women. Its use during pregnancy hasbeen associated with birth defects, particularly Ebsteins anomaly. Based on current data, the risk of a child with Ebsteins anomaly beingborn to a mother who took lithium during her first trimester ofpregnancy is approximately 1 in 8,000, or 2.5 times that of the generalpopulation (Jacobson et al., 1992). There are other effective treatments for bipolar disorder that areused in cases where the patients cannot tolerate lithium or have beenunresponsive to it in the past.The American Psychiatric Associationsguidelines suggest the next line of treatment to be Anticonvulsantdrugs such as valproate and carbamazepine. These drugs are useful asantimanic agents, especially in those patients with mixed states. Bothof these medications can be used in combination with lithium or incombination with each other. Valproate is especially helpful forpatients who are lithium noncompliant, experience rapid-cycling, or havecomorbid alcohol or drug abuse. Neuroleptics such as haloperidol or chlorpromazine have also beenused to help stabilize manic patients who are highly agitated orpsychotic. Use of these drugs is often necessary because the responseto them are rapid, but there are risks involved in their use. Becauseof the often severe side effects, Benzodiazepines are often used intheir place. Benzodiazepines can achieve the same results asNeuroleptics for most patients in terms of rapid control of agitationand excitement, without the severe side effects. Antidepressants such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) fluovamine and amitriptyline have also been used by somedoctors as treatment for bipolar disorder. A double-blind study by M. Gasperini, F. Gatti, L. Bellini, R.Anniverno, and E. Smeraldi showedthat fluvoxamine and amitriptyline are highly effective treatments forbipolar patients experiencing depressive episodes (1992). This study iscontroversial however, because conflicting research shows that SSRIsand other antidepressants can actually precipitate manic episodes. Mostdoctors can see the usefulness of antidepressants when used inconjunction with mood stabilizing medications such as lithium. In addition to the mentioned medical treatments of bipolardisorder, there are several other options available to bipolar patients,most of which are used in conjunction with medicine. One such treatmentis light therapy. One study compared the response to light therapy ofbipolar patients with that of unipolar patients. Patients were free ofpsychotropic and hypnotic medications for at least one month beforetreatment. Bipolar patients in this study showed an average of 90.3%improvement in their depressive symptoms, with no incidence of mania orhypomania. They all continued to use light therapy, and all showed asustained positive response at a three month follow-up (Hopkins andGelenberg, 1994). Another study involved a four week treatment ofbright morning light treatment for patients with seasonal affectivedisorder and bipolar patients. This study found a statisticallysignificant decrement in depressive symptoms, with the maximumantidepressant effect of light not being reached until week four (Baur,Kurtz, Rubin, and Markus, 1994). Hypomanic symptoms were experienced by36% of bipolar patients in this study. Predominant hypomanic symptomsincluded racing thoughts, deceased sleep and irritability. Surprisingly, one-third of controls also developed symptoms such asthose mentioned above. Regardless of the explanation of the emergenceof hypomanic symptoms in undiagnosed controls, it is evident from thisstudy that light treatment may be associated with the observedsymptoms. Based on the results, careful professional monitoring duringlight treatment is necessary, even for those without a history of majormood disorders. .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213 , .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213 .postImageUrl , .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213 , .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213:hover , .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213:visited , .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213:active { border:0!important; } .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213:active , .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213 .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u733f6033deabf05e434ccd9a11e56213:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nutrition vs. sport performance EssayAnother popular treatment for bipolar disorder iselectro-convulsive shock therapy. ECT is the preferred treatment forseverely manic pregnant patients and patients who are homicidal,psychotic, catatonic, medically compromised, or severely suicidal. Inone study, researchers found marked improvement in 78% of patientstreated with ECT, compared to 62% of patients treated only with lithiumand 37% of patients who received neither, ECT or lithium (Black et al.,1987). A final type of therapy that I found is outpatient grouppsychotherapy. According to Dr. John Graves, spokesperson for TheNational Depressive and Manic Depressive Association has c alledattention to the value of support groups, and challenged mental healthprofessionals to take a more serious look at group therapy for thebipolar population. Research shows that group participation may help increase lithiumcompliance, decrease denial regarding the illness, and increaseawareness of both external and internal stress factors leading to manicand depressive episodes. Group therapy for patients with bipolardisorders responds to the need for support and reinforcement ofmedication management, and the need for education and support for theinterpersonal difficulties that arise during the course of the disorder. ReferencesBauer, M.S., Kurtz, J.W., Rubin, L.B., and Marcus, J.G. (1994). Mood and Behavioral effects of four-week light treatment in winter depressivesand controls. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 28, 2: 135-145. Bauer, M.S., Whybrow, P.C. and Winokur, A. (1990). RapidCycling Bipolar Affective Disorder: I. Association with grade Ihypothyroidism. Archives of General Psychiatry. 47: 427-432. Black, D.W., Winokur, G., and Nasrallah, A. (1987). Treatment ofMania: A naturalistic study of electroconvulsive therapy versus lithiumin 438 patients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 48: 132-139. Gasperini, M., Gatti, F., Bellini, L., Anniverno, R., Smeralsi,E., (1992). Perspectives in clinical psychopharmacology ofamitriptyline and fluvoxamine. Pharmacopsychiatry. 26:186-192. Goodwin, F.K., and Jamison, K.R. (1990). Manic DepressiveIllness. New York: Oxford University Press. Goodwin, Donald W. and Guze, Samuel B. (1989). PsychiatricDiagnosis. Fourth Ed. Oxford University. p.7. Hirschfeld, R.M. (1995). Recent Developments in ClinicalAspects of Bipolar Disorder. The Decade of the Brain. NationalAlliance for the Mentally Ill. Winter. Vol. VI. Issue II. Hollandsworth, James G. (1990). The Physiology of PsychologicalDisorders. Plenem Press. New York and London. P.111. Hopkins, H.S. and Gelenberg, A.J. (1994). Treatment of BipolarDisorder: How Far Have We Come? Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 30(1): 27-38. Jacobson, S.J., Jones, K., Ceolin, L., Kaur, P., Sahn, D.,Donnerfeld, A.E., Rieder, M., Santelli, R., Smythe, J., Patuszuk, A.,Einarson, T., and Koren, G.,(1992). Prospective multicenter study ofpregnancy outcome after lithium exposure during the first trimester. Laricet. 339: 530-533. Lish, J.D., Dime-Meenan, S., Whybrow, P.C., Price, R.A. andHirschfeld, R.M. (1994). The National Depressive and Manic DepressiveAssociation (DMDA) Survey of Bipolar Members. Affective Disorders. 31:pp.281-294. Weisman, M.M., Livingston, B.M., Leaf, P.J., Florio, L.P.,Holzer, C. (1991). Psychiatric Disorders in America. AffectiveDisorders. Free Press.

State of the union 2005 essays

State of the union 2005 essays On February 2nd at precisely 9:00 p.m. president George W. Bush gave the annual state of the union speech to Congress and the Americas people. Bush has many plans for our country in the next four years. Some of which are among social security, cutting our deficit, and man more. When President Bush made his state of the union address during his first term he talked about a plan called the no child left behind act. During his first term it was signed and put into action, the results received seemed to be worthwhile, standards are higher, test scores are on the rise, and the country is in the process of closing the achievement gap for minority students. Now during Bushs second term he is demanding that high schools get a piece of the no child left behind act and requests better test results from all high school students, and not just the grade schools. Also colleges will be getting in on a little of this action. Bush plans to help over 200,000 workers to get better training for a career by strengthening Americas community colleges. Also Bush plans to try and make college more affordable by increasing the number of Pell grants. Bush has a plan to keep our economy growing. About four years ago, Bush had submitted a complete energy strategy that encourages conservation, alternative sources, and more production here at home, including safe, clean nuclear energy. This year however Bush would like congress to pass a clear skies legislation, which will cut, power plant pollution and improve the health of U.S. citizens. Bush has a plan to use part of his budget towards leading-edge technology from hydrogen-fueled cars, to clean coal, and to renewable sources such as ethanol. Bush had said, Choices made today will decide our childs lives! this is significantly true when social security becomes the issue. The way social security is heading, this system will be bankrupt by the time my generation reaches retir...

Violent Video Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Violent Video Games - Essay Example Playing video games has adverse effects especially to the players. This is because they spend most of their time sitting down playing video games. It may result to cases of obscenity because the children are not involving themselves in physical activities (Jamieson, Patrick & Daniel 425). Research has shown that, young men are affected more health wise than girls because they spend most of their time playing video games than girls do. Video games are easily accessed on the internet so young people play online with unknown adults and peers. According to the National Institute on Media and the Family, their research on violent video games effect on children shows that, video games make the kids impressionable. This is because these children involve themselves in playing video games at an age in which teenage brains are in the midst of growing. In this stage, the teenagers are wiring the circuits of relationship, self control and responsibility. This means that, what they acquire from t he violent video games they carry it to adulthood. This becomes their way of life and they do not see anything wrong in practicing what they see in the violent video games.   Research has shown that, video games activate the anger of the young kids this is as a result of playing the violent video games (Anderson et al 39).Video games dampen the brain conscience and children only think violence is the only way to survive. Thus do not even care about hurting people because their brain is dampened by the violent video games.... According to the National Institute on Media and the Family, their research on violent video games effect on children shows that, video games make the kids impressionable. This is because these children involve themselves in playing video games at an age in which teenage brains are in the midst of growing. In this stage, the teenagers are wiring the circuits of relationship, self control and responsibility. This means that, what they acquire from the violent video games they carry it to adulthood. This becomes their way of life and they do not see anything wrong in practicing what they see in the violent video games. Research has shown that, video games activate the anger of the young kids this is as a result of playing the violent video games (Anderson et al 39).Video games dampen the brain conscience and children only think violence is the only way to survive. Thus do not even care about hurting people because their brain is dampened by the violent video games. Another research gro up the American Psychological Association after their research, they observed that, playing video games makes the children less caring and helpful especially towards their age mates. Children play violent video games at a stage in which they are supposed to learn how to relate to the members of the society positively or in the correct manner. At this stage they are also supposed to learn how to solve conflicts once they arise, but when they dedicate most of their time playing the violent video games they do not even learn how they should learn to leave peacefully with the members of the society. As a result of this, even in their adult life they do not even know how to solve conflicts once they arise leading to

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 34

Essay Example This caused the bank to lose focus and only strive for greater profit margins rather than expanding its customer base. After some time, the Union Bank of Norway realized its mistakes and attempted to correct them with the introduction of a single system that tracked the data of each individual customer. Information about their customer base would allow the Union Bank of Norway to correctly predict what its customer would prefer or not prefer in the future. The data warehouse that the bank came up with attempted to address all of these problems. By getting to know its customers, the Union Bank of Norway has been able to base its marketing decision around the characteristics of its customers. Not surprisingly, customer response has been good to this new endeavor. Customers generally like to help organizations wherever they can, so it makes sense to take advantage of this by providing an avenue for them to use. The retention of customer information has helped the Union Bank of Norway ge t back to its roots—working one-on-one with the

The importance of the achievements of Mesopotamian Society Essay Example for Free

The importance of the achievements of Mesopotamian Society Essay Through the development of writing, mathematics, metalworking, detailed law codes, and the wheel, Mesopotamians have shown their ingenuity with many different achievements. The world as we know it could not survive without writing. I am writing right now in order to do this paper, and the economy and so much of our lives is dependent on writing. Although it goes hand-in-hand with writing, mathematics is also a very important achievement of the Mesopotamians. Mesopotamians based their math system on sixty, but it is just as important and influential regardless. Metal work is another great achievement of the Mesopotamians; it improved warfare, made better tools, and is very important in life today also. Law codes, although mostly used as a guideline, helped to keep the peace and gave a true sense of authority and respect for the king. The wheel was one of the most influential inventions of all time, despite its simplistic origins as a potters wheel and then later a solid way of pulling a cart easier. Writing is by far the most important achievement of Mesopotamian society. Developing from writing on clay envelopes as a way of keeping business records, writing was first used as a counting method. Later on, Sumerians, who were the first to develop a writing system, realized that it would be easier to simply write these notes on clay rather than on the round envelope. The writing system that began to emerge is called Cuneiform and pushing a reed into a clay tablet produced these Cuneiform symbols. However, before the Cuneiform we know today developed, pictograms were used to represent several different sounds or words. These pictograms gradually became more abstract over time, and developed into a system of triangular shapes and lines. Writing promoted a persons social status, if you knew how to read and write you were someone. The choicest profession in Mesopotamia was to be a scribe, as almost no common people knew how to write, and even kings usually did not know how to write. With writing and the writing profession, schools began to develop to teach their pupils to become scribes. Most scribes worked either for the government or worked as the town scribe. Writing is extremely important today. It has been used in as simplistic things such as writing journals, to much bigger things, such as declaring independence from a mother country. The clearest way of describing the importance of writing is to show that definable history begins with the  development of writing. Mathematics, used mainly for business transactions, arguably changed the world as much as writing did. The Sumerians were also the peoples to develop mathematics. Their math system was based on the number sixty, and this is where we get the sixty seconds in a minute and sixty minutes in an hour. This system of mathematics allowed the peoples of Mesopotamia to do everyday things such as the area of a room or how old a person was. The Sumerian system greatly improved trade, especially while using the barter system. It allowed Mesopotamians to put a value on goods so that it was possible to know the difference between the value of a sheep and a bag of grain, or the difference between the value of a pound of bronze and a pound of clay. The development of mathematics lead to great advancements in architecture as well. Planning and executing the construction of a building required a great deal of math in order to calculate wall size, shape, angle, etc. Today, mathematics is also very important. Students spend years studying the different methods of math to be able to apply it to their everyday lives. Math and numbers are used everywhere everyday from telling someone your phone number to calculating your percent profit at the end of a busy week. Another important advancement of Mesopotamians is their work with metals. Mesopotamians began to branch out from stone tools and use metals such as copper and bronze. This branching out and grasping a new material lead to widespread specialization of work. Blacksmithing became a known occupation, and allowed for the mass producing of metal weaponry (In the ancient near eastern sense). Metal weaponry became the basis for whether or not you would win the war. If you were still using wooden weapons, a city-state that had copper weaponry could wipe you out or defeat you fairly quickly. The same would be true if you were a city-state that was using copper weapons and an enemy using bronze weapons attacked you. The enemy would either destroy or capture your city-state with a fair amount of ease. Metalworkings and trading were not only important to the daily lives of Mesopotamians for tools and such, but for more than a thousand years they were the definitive factor in warfare. With the development for such weaponry, governments had to institute law codes to help to keep the control and the peace amongst their city-state or empire. The most famous of these law codes, though not the only one found, is the Law Code of Hammurabi, the ruler of Babylonia from about 1792 B.C.E to about 1750 B.C.E. This law code has hundreds of laws dealing with simple matters of contracts and other ordinary functions to laws regarding thievery, murder, and mal practice. Hammurabis code, although used as mainly a guideline for Babylonian judges, was presented to the people of Babylonia as a direct command from the Gods indicating that these were the proper behaviors. This caused the peoples to want to follow the laws even more, because they believed that the Gods would curse them if they did not obey. These punishments, however, had different punishments for different classes, showing the different levels of respect that the government had for its people. Most of these laws, however, dealt with criminals in a very strict, eye-for-an-eye, vengeful manner. Law is very important today because it continues to try and keep the peace on the streets and in our country by making people realize that there are consequences to their actions. This is a great achievement for Mesopotamians because it shows their realization that there must be order in the kingdom for the kingdom to survive, and that there also needs to be obedience and distribution of work for a kingdom to advance in status. The wheel is also one of the greatest achievements of Mesopotamians, because it allowed for faster travel, more efficient warfare, and also lead to thousands upon thousands of inventions in the future. The wheel began as part of a potters wheel for making pots, and then gradually the idea began to emerge to use a rolling something, the wheel, for easier ways to pull something in a cart. Before, sleds were used to drag stuff along, but this method was very tedious and slow because it created a lot of friction against the ground. The wheel was then used as a solid circle attached with an axle to a cart that pulled soldiers to and from places during a battle. A dependable, yet slow moving, donkey-like creature often pulled this cart. The idea for spokes in the wheels did not emerge until later, but it allowed for the cart to become a chariot and be pulled by a horse quickly around battlefields. With the initiation of horse-drawn chariots, warfare improved  by allowing soldiers to fight from their chariots, thus decreasing their chance of injury. The improvements of warfare, and the allowance that the development of the wheel has had on technological advances over time are the reasons that the wheel was such an important achievement of the Mesopotamians. The achievements and firsts of Mesopotamian society are great and numerous. These achievements have paved the way for outstanding advancements in technology that allow us to live the lives we live today and to do the things that we are so accustomed to doing, such as typing this paper using this computer with a spinning hard disk a writing system.

Revealing One’s Personality Online :: Blogs

Revealing One’s Personality Online The Internet has changed the way we communicate. The difference between communication online and communication in â€Å"real life† is that when you are online, people cannot see you, and therefore have no idea who you actually are. So, people often feel a greater sense of freedom and anonymity, which allows them to reveal either who they truly are, or who they want to be. People often reveal their personalities differently online than in real life. The personalities formed in this free environment play an important role online. In â€Å"Psychology of Weblogs,† Grohol states that people use blogs because they enjoy hearing about other people living their lives; they especially enjoy strong or unique personalities. Grohol stated, â€Å"what’s the purposes of the thousands of small, individually-run sites? One word - personality† (Grohol). Communication over the Internet is based on trust. When you hold a conversation with someone online, the person on the other end of the conversation really has no idea if you are who you say you are, and you also have no way of knowing if they are who they say they are. This situation of questionable identity can occur even when you are talking with friends. I am sure many of us have played this game by chatting on someone else’s instant messenger, all the while letting the other person assume we were someone else. The same thing can happen in chat rooms or even on blogs. Bloggers are free to recreate their personality in the virtual community. This situation gives people the perfect opportunity to change the way they portray themselves to others. It is their chance to be someone else. In â€Å"The Good, the Bad, and the Internet,† Globus supports the idea that alternative personalities are used online by stating, â€Å"In cyberspace, looks don’t count. You can also choose to share only the things about yourself that you consider flattering. You can also adopt new behaviors or even a whole new identity.† (Globus) McLaren continues by stating, â€Å"You can’t ever really know if they are who they say they are.† (Globus) After all, 24 percent of teenagers who were questioned about using different Internet communication tools admitted to pretending to be someone else while online (Globus). After all, if you met someone online, would you really want to tell them about your lesser characteristics?

Oracle

How is the IKEA operations design different from that of most furniture retail operations? IKEA is known as one of the world’s largest furniture retailer that focuses highly on cost control, operational process and product development. IKEA differentiates itself from most furniture retailers by offering a wide range of well designed array of home furniture at very attractive prices that remain affordable to a large group of diverse customers. There are some unique features of IKEA as compared to most furniture retail stores (IKEA, 2012) Self – Service’ (minimal service or influence from sales person) Details of all products are made ubiquitous in the showroom thus making sales assistance unnecessary which this in return helps to reduce the hiring cost of labor. Layout of Products (product exposure) Ikea stores are designed in a one-way ‘walk-through layout’ that requires customers to be exposed to the entire products which is unlike from most furnitu re retail stores where by customers may choose to go directly to the section they preferred.Hence, the flow allows increased efficiency from entering the showroom, selecting of products to lastly making payments. Furniture Most of Ikea products are self – assembled products, this helps to reduce the costs of shipping as higher volume of bulk packaging can be done. Unlike most furniture retail stores where free delivery and assembly is given, additional charges apply if fixing of product is required by the customers. Lastly, four dimensions of operations (Volume, Variety, Variation and Visibility) will be used to determine the differences between IKEA operations to that of most furniture retail stores.High Volume – IKEA’s operations are of very large scale, major land space and huge car parks are developed to cater to all customers, everything about the design of IKEA’s operations encourages high volume of throughput as compared to most furniture retail st ores (IKEA, 2012). High Variety of product but Low Variety of service – The variety of products showcase in IKEA is much more than most furniture retail stores, from small items such as kitchen appliances to large items such as tables.However, as far as the variety of service is concerned it is relatively narrow. Most products are self – assembled and there is no sales person to provide any service to the customers, leaving themselves to figure out and make their own decision for the purchase. High Variation on demand – Public holidays and weekends usually attracts more crowded as compared to normal week days, hence result in high variation.However, there will not be any difficulty of getting part-time staff into IKEA during the peak period as the operations in IKEA are well designed. Unlike most retail store which require staff with specific expertise that requires time to hire. Low Visibility – Customer contact is high in certain extend, but overall it is lower than most furniture retail stores considering most of the things are done (‘self-service’) solely by the customers from the start till it reaches the point of payment where it is also a standardized process by IKEA.This ultimately reduces the costs of the transaction as far as IKEA is concerned. What do you think might be the major problems in running an operation like IKEA? Having such huge variety and high volume of product being transacted, it may be tough for them to manage the inventory for all items. Shipping of high volume bulk items may take time and IKEA may face stock-out period, hence their operations planning has to be done and calculated accurately.As all sales are done on ‘self-serviced’ manner, it may not create a great shopping experience as compared to most retail stores where sales person are able to cater a more specific and unique first-hand experience to all customers to create loyalty. Lastly, IKEA being the largest furniture retailer require a lot of natural material such as wood, which may harm the global environment (IKEA, 2012). Reference IKEA (2012) Our Vision and Business Idea. Available at: http://www. ikea. com/ms/en_SG/about_ikea/the_ikea_way/our_business_idea/index. html (Accessed 29 January 2013)

Functions with the T-Distribution in Excel

Microsoft’s Excel is useful in performing basic calculations in statistics. Sometimes it is helpful to know all of the functions that are available to work with a particular topic. Here we will consider the functions in Excel that are related to the Student’s t-distribution. In addition to doing direct calculations with the t-distribution, Excel can also calculate confidence intervals and perform hypothesis tests. Functions Concerning the T-Distribution There are several functions in Excel that work directly with the t-distribution. Given a value along the t-distribution, the following functions all return the proportion of the distribution that is in the specified tail. A proportion in the tail can also be interpreted as a probability. These tail probabilities can be used for p-values in hypothesis tests. The T.DIST function returns the left tail of Student’s t-distribution. This function can also be used to obtain the y-value for any point along the density curve.The T.DIST.RT function returns the right tail of Student’s t-distribution.The T.DIST.2T function returns both tails of Student’s t-distribution. These functions all have similar arguments. These arguments are, in order: The value x, which denotes where along the x axis we are along the distributionThe number of degrees of freedom.The T.DIST function has a third argument , which allows us to choose between a cumulative distribution (by entering a 1) or not (by entering a 0). If we enter a 1, then this function will return a p-value. If we enter a 0 then this function will return the y-value of the density curve for the given x. Inverse Functions All of the functions T.DIST, T.DIST.RT and T.DIST.2T share a common property. We see how all of these functions start with a value along the t-distribution and then return a proportion. There are occasions when we would like to reverse this process. We start with a proportion and wish to know the value of t that corresponds to this proportion. In this case we use the appropriate inverse function in Excel. The function T.INV returns the left tailed inverse of Student’s T-distribution.The function T.INV.2T returns the two tailed inverse of Student’s T-distribution. There are two arguments for each of these functions. The first is the probability or proportion of the distribution. The second is the number of degrees of freedom for the particular distribution that we are curious about. Example of T.INV We will see an example of both the T.INV and the T.INV.2T functions. Suppose we are working with a t-distribution with 12 degrees of freedom. If we want to know the point along the distribution that accounts for 10% of the area under the curve to the left of this point, then we enter T.INV(0.1,12) into an empty cell. Excel returns the value -1.356. If instead we use the T.INV.2T function, we see that entering T.INV.2T(0.1,12) will return the value 1.782. This means that 10% of the area under the graph of the distribution function is to the left of -1.782 and to the right of 1.782. In general, by the symmetry of the t-distribution, for a probability P and degrees of freedom d we have T.INV.2T(P, d) ABS(T.INV(P/2,d), where ABS is the absolute value function in Excel. Confidence Intervals One of the topics on inferential statistics involves estimation of a population parameter. This estimate takes the form of a confidence interval. For example the estimate of a population mean is a sample mean. The estimate also possesses a margin of error, which Excel will calculate. For this margin of error we must use the CONFIDENCE.T function. Excel’s documentation says that the function CONFIDENCE.T is said to return the confidence interval using Student’s t-distribution. This function does return the margin of error. The arguments for this function are, in the order that they must be entered: Alpha – this is the level of significance. Alpha is also 1 – C, where C denotes the confidence level. For example, if we want 95% confidence, then we must enter 0.05 for alpha.Standard deviation – this is the sample standard deviation from our data set.Sample size. The formula that Excel uses for this calculation is: M t*s/ √n Here M is for margin, t* is the critical value that corresponds to the level of confidence, s is the sample standard deviation and n is the sample size. Example of Confidence Interval Suppose that we have a simple random sample of 16 cookies and we weigh them. We find that their mean weight is 3 grams with a standard deviation of 0.25 grams. What is a 90% confidence interval for the mean weight of all cookies of this brand? Here we simply type the following into an empty cell: CONFIDENCE.T(0.1,0.25,16) Excel returns 0.109565647. This is the margin of error. We subtract and also add this to our sample mean, and so our confidence interval is 2.89 grams to 3.11 grams. Tests of Significance Excel will also perform hypothesis tests that are related to the t-distribution. The function T.TEST returns the p-value for several different tests of significance. The arguments for the T.TEST function are: Array 1, which gives the first   set of sample data.Array 2, which gives the second set of sample dataTails, in which we can enter either 1 or 2.Type - 1 denotes a paired t-test, 2 a two-sample test with the same population variance, and 3 a two-sample test with different population variances.